The Card Bell had a handle that set the reels in motion when it was pushed down and playing card suitmarks that lined up to form poker hands. In 1898 Fey built the Card Bell, the first three-reel slot machine with automatic cash payouts. Fey built the 4-11-44 in his basement the following year – it proved so successful at a local saloon that he soon quit his job and opened a factory to produce more units. The first slot machine was invented by Bavarian immigrant Charles Fey of San Francisco in 1894. The machine proved extremely popular, and soon many bars in the city had one or more of them. It contained five drums holding a total of 50 card faces and was based on poker. Sittman and Pitt of Brooklyn, New York developed a gambling machine in 1891 that was a precursor to the modern slot machine. The first coin-operated gambling devices in the United States date to the 1880s, although they were actually mere novelties-such as two toy horses that would race after a coin was inserted in the machine-rather than direct gambling machines. Symbols traditionally used include stars, card suits, bars, numbers (7 is a favourite), various pictured fruits-cherries, plums, oranges, lemons, and watermelons-and the words jackpot and bar. The machine pays off by dropping into a cup or trough from two to all the coins in the machine, depending on how and how many of the symbols line up when the rotating reels come to rest.
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